What is the NIPT test?

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NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing) utilizes the pregnant individual's blood to identify congenital abnormalities in the fetus's DNA. The examination focuses on genetic conditions like Down syndrome. It's important to note that NIPT tests do not provide a definitive diagnosis; instead, they inform the healthcare provider about the likelihood of a particular condition. This testing can commence as early as the 10th week of pregnancy.



Overview

What is the NIPT test?

NIPT, short for noninvasive prenatal testing, is a screening test available during pregnancy to assess the potential risk of the fetus having a chromosomal disorder such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), and trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome). The test also provides information about the fetus's sex. This process involves extracting a blood sample, which contains fragments of DNA from the fetus. DNA carries the genetic information, offering healthcare providers insights into the fetal genetic makeup. The collected blood sample is sent to a laboratory and analyzed for specific congenital disorders. It's important to note that NIPT cannot screen for all chromosomal or genetic conditions.

The NIPT test is alternatively known as cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening or noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS). It's crucial to understand that a screening test provides an estimate of the likelihood of the fetus having a particular condition; it does not offer a definitive diagnosis. NIPT testing is voluntary, and your healthcare provider will furnish information about prenatal genetic testing, assisting you in making an informed decision regarding your options.


Why is noninvasive prenatal testing performed?

Noninvasive prenatal testing is conducted to assess the likelihood of the fetus being born with certain chromosomal disorders. Healthcare providers may suggest this test if you:

  1. Have a child with a chromosomal abnormality.
  2. Have undergone an ultrasound indicating a potential abnormality in the fetus.
  3. Have received earlier screening test results suggesting a potential problem.

Following the NIPT results, your obstetrician may recommend diagnostic tests, which provide a definitive answer regarding whether the fetus has a specific condition.

When should the NIPT test be performed during pregnancy?

NIPT testing can be conducted as early as 10 weeks into pregnancy up to delivery. Typically, there is insufficient fetal DNA in a pregnant individual's blood before the 10th week of pregnancy.


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